Bengal victory
(A) Battle of Plassey June 1757
between East India Company and Bengal
* Robert Clye, Governor of the East India Company
* Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-Daula
Reason :-
(1) Ambition of the British
(2) Mughal order of 1717
(3) Challenge to the sovereignty of the Nawab by the East India Company
(4) Siraj-ud-Daula's control over Kolkata
(5)Dungeon accident
(6)British regain control of Kolkata
(7) Conspiracy against the Nawab by the British
(1) Ambition of the British
The success of the British in the Second Carnatic War and the conditions in India aroused the desire for empire expansion. As soon as the struggle for power started in Bengal, the British decided to intervene.
(2) Mughal order of 1717
In 1717, the Mughal ruler Farrukhsiyar allowed the British free trade in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa for an annual tax of ₹3000. The company's employees also misused this order for personal business. There was tension between the Nawab of Bengal and the company regarding this issue.
(3) Challenge to the sovereignty of the Nawab by the East India Company
(a) The struggle for power started as soon as Siraj-ud-Daula became the Nawab in 1756. Shaukatganj, Ghasiti Begum challenged Siraj's authority and the British protected these opponents. Therefore, it was natural for there to be tension between the two.
(b) Not only this, the British imposed tax on Indian goods in Kolkata and fortified Kolkata despite the Nawab's refusal. This was a challenge to the sovereignty of the Nawab.
(4) Siraj-ud-Daula's control over Kolkata
Siraj-ud-Daula established control over Kolkata in 1756 and handed over the responsibility of Kolkata to an officer named Manik Chand.
(5)Dungeon accident
There has also been discussion about the accident in the control dungeon of Kolkata, a British officer named Halwell held the Nawab responsible for this accident. This incident has not been confirmed in modern research but at that time it united the British and created a feeling of revenge. Also inspired by.
(6)British regain control of Kolkata
After this incident, an army was sent from Madras to Bengal under the leadership of Clive and Watson. Manik Chand was paid and control over Kolkata was established and the Nawab accepted the British control over Kolkata through the Treaty of Alinagar and recognized the rights of fortification. .
(7) Conspiracy against the Nawab by the British
Officers like Mir Jafar, Khadim Khan, Rai Durlabh were in this conspiracy planned by Caliph to remove the Nawab.
Result of Battle of Plassey:-
(1) British control over the resources of Bengal
(2) Knock knock facility was provided to the company employees
(3) The company was given the zamindari of 24 Parganas.
(4) The Company's identity was established as a political power in Eastern India.
(5) Company's ambition increased
(6) Indirect control of the Company over Bengal.
(B) Battle of Buxar October 1764
What happened with East India Company and Bengal, Awadh and Mughals
* Hector Munro, Governor of the East India Company.
* Nawab of Bengal Mir Qasim,
* Shuja-ud-Daula of Awadh and
* Shah Alam II of Mughal
reason :-
(1) Ambition of the British
The ambition of the British increased due to the success in the Battle of Plassey and the Third Carnatic War.
(2) Mir Qasim's ambition
Mir Qasim's thinking was to work as a sovereign government by following the treaty made with the British.
(3)Works of Mir Qasim
It was natural for the British to be worried about some of Qasim's actions. Like Qasim made Munger the capital in place of Murshidabad, built a cannon and gun manufacturing factory in Munger and also took some measures to improve the economic condition of the state.
(4) Tension regarding the decree of 1717
Like Plassey, this was an important reason for the Battle of Buxar. Company employees provided diarrhea facilities to the Indian traders. Due to this, the Nawab was facing financial problems. This issue was discussed with the Company but this problem was not resolved.
The battle of Buxar ended with the Treaty of Allahabad.
result of buxar battle:-
(1) The British gained direct control over the power in Bengal.
(2) Dual rule (1765) was established in Bengal by Robert Clive.
(3) The post of Nawab was abolished in Bengal.
(4) Administrative operations went into the hands of the British
(5) Revenue collection went into the hands of the British.
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